Abstract
The combination of calcium phosphates with bioactive glasses (BG) has received an increased interest in the field of bone tissue engineering. In the present work, biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP) obtained by hydrothermal transformation of cuttlefish bone (CB) were coated with a Sr-, Mg- and Zn-doped sol-gel derived BG. The scaffolds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The initial CB structure was maintained after hydrothermal transformation (HT) and the scaffold functionalization did not jeopardize the internal structure. The results of the in-vitro bioactivity after immersing the BG coated scaffolds in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 15 days showed the formation of apatite on the surface of the scaffolds. Overall, the functionalized CB derived BCP scaffolds revealed promising properties, but further assessment of the in-vitro biological properties is needed before being considered for their use in bone tissue engineering applications.
Highlights
Bone is one of the most transplanted tissues
As estimated by HighScorePlus software, the relative percentages of the crystalline phases presented in the scaffolds were 63.9% HA and 36.1% β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) before the bioactive glasses (BG) coating and 64.6%
Porous biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP) scaffolds derived from aragonite cuttlefish bone (CB) and with the complete absence of any calcium carbonate phase were, for the first time, successfully prepared by hydrothermal transformation (HT) transformation
Summary
Bone is one of the most transplanted tissues. Autologous bone grafts are still considered the gold standard procedure, but their availability is limited and they are intimately associated with donor site morbidity [1]. Calcium phosphate materials (CaP) like hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) are the most commonly used ones as they are chemically similar to the inorganic part of the bone. Bioactive glasses (BGs) have been used as an alternative to CaP materials They have the capacity to strongly bond to the living tissues, through the development of a bone-like HA layer on the surface [4,5]. BGs release Si, P or Ca ions that act as chemical stimuli for the activation of osteoprogenitor cells and, enhance bone formation. The release of these ions is known to stimulate neovascularisation and angiogenesis and, thereby, promote bone healing [6,7].
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