Abstract
In this paper, absolute and density normalized cutting model parameters of natural and impregnated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) are shown and a method for the calculation of their corresponding material properties in the principal material directions of wood is presented. The parameters were determined from measurements of cutting power on a sash gang saw, and are in detail the fracture toughness and the shear yield strength of wood. The cutting model used for fitting the data and calculating the parameters is based on a minimum energy criterion originally developed to describe an orthogonal single tooth cutting process where the chip of an isotropic material is built by shear. The effects of impregnation on wood are clearly visible in cutting power and model parameters, where for large chips less power is required compared to natural wood. Impregnated pine wood shows a reduced value of shear yield strength compared to natural pine whilst the correlated fracture toughness increased. The observed behavior might be explained by a lower moisture content of the impregnated pine compared to natural wood. Orthotropic fracture toughness and shear yield strength constants of natural and impregnated Scots pine might be used to predict cutting power for other cutting geometries and processes like circular sawing.
Highlights
The fracture toughness and the shear yield strength in the shear zone are significant parameters to determine the forces and power to cut (Atkins 2009)
When the chips are not produced in shear but by plastic bending, a model developed by Williams (1998) might be more suitable to describe the cutting process
The model uses the fracture toughness to describe the energy neces‐ sary to separate the chip from the bulk, but the deformation of the chip occurs in bending
Summary
The fracture toughness and the shear yield strength in the shear zone are significant parameters to determine the forces and power to cut (Atkins 2009). When the chips are not produced in shear but by plastic bending, a model developed by Williams (1998) might be more suitable to describe the cutting process. Orlowski and Atkins (2007) modified the original shear model based on cutting forces. Krzosek (2009) has shown that strength properties of Pinus sylvestris L. depend on the provenance of the mate‐ rial. Sawing studies on Scots pine wood from various parts of Poland have shown that the cutting power and parameters derived thereof, depend on the provenance as well (Chuchala et al 2014)
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