Abstract
Biomimetic cross-reactive sensor arrays (B-CRSAs) have been used to detect and diagnose a wide variety of diseases including metabolic disorders, mental health diseases, and cancer by analyzing both vapor and liquid patient samples. Technological advancements over the past decade have made these systems selective, sensitive, and affordable. To date, devices for non-invasive and accurate disease diagnosis have seen rapid improvement, suggesting a feasible alternative to current standards for medical diagnostics. This review provides an overview of the most recent B-CRSAs for diagnostics (also referred to electronic noses and tongues in the literature) and an outlook for future technological development.
Highlights
The Cstatistic is the area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which directly corresponds to the probability of a true positive, accurate prediction, versus a false negative or false positive, with 1.0 being the ideal model [75]
This method was successful at identifying patients with lung cancer versus controls, and showed a higher accuracy when considering the breathprints of specific cancer histologies, rather than global cancer/no cancer response
This study greatly demonstrates the success of a Biomimetic cross-reactive sensor arrays (B-CRSAs) in identifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) from healthy controls and each other, suggesting that exhaled breath could be used in the future as a rapid, noncontrols and each other, suggesting that exhaled breath could be used in the future as a rapid, invasive diagnosis method for these diseases
Summary
In the last few decades, research in the medical field has provided tools to help doctors reach medical diagnoses. By using various “omics” methods including proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics, researchers and health care professionals have been able to associate specific biomarkers, i.e., genes, proteins, and molecules with patients’ diseases Once identified, these biomarkers serve as reliable indicators for the most beneficial personalized targeted therapies for the patient. This, in turn, has the potential to improve quality of life, treatment effectiveness, and reduce undesirable secondary effects and associated treatment costs Both the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have realized the benefit of a personalized medicine approach. This review article aims to highlight the potential of devices that employ biomimetic cross reactive sensor arrays (B-CRSAs) to provide non-invasive disease diagnosis, and to help advance personalized medicine through biomarker identification. Diseases, mental and neurological diseases, and metabolic disorders, explore cutting-edge sensor technology for these and other diseases, and outline future directions in device development
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