Abstract
Since there are limited studies analyzing the impact of age, sex and obesity on cutaneous repair, the current study evaluated excisional skin wound healing as a function of age, sex and diet in C57BL/6 mice subjected to either low (LFD) or high (HFD) fat diet. Older mice accumulated increased body fat relative to younger mice under HFD. Skin wound healing at particular stages was affected by age in the aspect of Tgfβ-1, MCP-1, Mmp-9 and Mmp-13 expression. The most profound, cumulative effect was observed for the combination of two parameters: age and sex. While skin of younger males displayed extremely high collagen 1 and collagen 3 expression, younger females showed exceptionally high Mmp-13 expression at day 3 and 7 after injury. Diet as a single variable modified the thickness of dermis due to increased dermal White Adipose Tissue (dWAT) accumulation in mice fed HFD. The combination of age and diet affected the re-epithelialization and inflammatory response of injured skin. Overall, our data indicate that age has the most fundamental impact although all components (age, sex and diet) contribute to skin repair.
Highlights
In adult mammals, skin wound healing is a complex repair process which leads to rapid and effective wound closure
We have compared the skin wound healing process as a function of age, sex and diet (LFD vs HFD) in C57BL/6 mice in order to determine the cumulative effect of age, sex and diet on cutaneous wound healing
Skin wound healing at particular stages was affected by age in the aspect of Tgfβ-1; Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), Mmp-9 and Mmp13 expression and hydroxyproline content (Table 1)
Summary
Skin wound healing is a complex repair process which leads to rapid and effective wound closure. During the second stage of wound healing, the new tissue formation, different cell types are involved in order to achieve permanent closure of the wound gap and restore the protective barrier skin function. Remodelling is the final stage of the skin wound healing process which may last for a year or longer This phase serves to restore the regular architecture of the dermis following injury and reorganizes the immature extracellular matrix by re-balancing the dynamic between collagen synthesis, arrangement and degradation [4]. This remodelling phase involves apoptosis of a variety of cell types within the wound site. The scar tissue that is formed in post injured www.aging-us.com area never achieves the strength and functionality of uninjured skin [2]
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