Cutaneous Vascular Neoplasms of Uncertain Biological Behavior.

Kasey J Mccollum,Rami N Al-Rohil

doi:10.3390/biology10111160

Kasey J Mccollum, Rami N Al-Rohil

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111160

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Journal: Biology	Publication Date: Nov 9, 2021
Citations: 3	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Duke University Hospital, Duke Medical Center

Abstract

Simple SummaryCutaneous vascular neoplasms of uncertain biological behavior present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to physicians. The rarity of these lesions and the recent recognition of such entities suggests an extensive amount of knowledge remains lacking concerning effective treatments, accurate prognosis, and follow-up recommendations for patients with superficial vascular tumors. The objective of this manuscript is to compile a comprehensive summary of the current literature on neoplasms limited to the skin and of vascular origin that are currently categorized as indeterminate biological potential. By compiling numerous studies and summarizing the aggregate findings, this paper aims to offer providers a condensed yet detailed report of the entirety of what is known regarding these lesions. The information will aid physicians in the process of diagnosing, treating, prognosticating, and following up these rare tumors.Neoplasms of uncertain biological behavior present physicians with a genuine conundrum in practice. Cutaneous vascular neoplasms within this category are exceedingly rare, possessing significant gaps and uncertainty in many facets of clinical practice. Firstly, lesions were selected for review based on their categorization as indeterminate behavior, indicating the potential for local recurrence and rarely metastasize. After identification of the target lesions, a comprehensive review of the literature using national databases produced several landmark studies and case series regarding these neoplasms. Limiting the review to only cutaneous limited tumors narrowed the pool of studies; however, quite a large sum of papers remained. Examination of each paper yielded beneficial results on diagnosing, effective treatments, follow-up findings, and prognosis for each indeterminate lesion discussed. Overall, the literature search combined the molecular, histologic, immunohistochemical, surgical strategies to develop an up-to-date and comprehensive framework to guide physicians when encountering such lesions. The tumors reviewed include: kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, endovascular papillary angioendothelioma, pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma, retiform hemangioendothelioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and composite hemangioendothelioma.

Highlights

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is an uncommon and indeterminate tumor of endothelial origin typically presenting in childhood, which was first described in 1993 by Zuckerberg and colleagues [1,10]
Before its description by Zuckerberg et al, similar tumors were reported under a variety of other names, including Kaposi-like hemangioma, hemangioma with Kaposi-like features, Kaposi-like infantile hemangioendothelioma, congenital hemangioendothelioma [2,10]
Zukerberg et al pointed out the association between KHE, KasabachMerrit phenomenon (KMP), and lymphatic abnormalities

Summary

Introduction

The recent explosion of innovative molecular technologies has allowed for more accurate classification of these lesions while allowing scientists to investigate the clinical implications of the associated genomic and epigenetic alterations [3,5,13] This manuscript discusses the current literature available and provides much-needed insight for classification, diagnosing, and treating patients with these rare cutaneous vascular neoplasms. Such an overview aims to both stimulate the emergence of an expert opinion on strategies to adopt in the future to promote the development of innovative diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic modalities for these grey-zone entities

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