Abstract
ABSTRACTLeishmaniasis is considered to be zoonotic disease, caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania, and transmitted by a bite of infected female sandfly. Primary cutaneous leishmaniasis is not common disease in Nepal, however, there were cases reported from Terai region of Nepal. The patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis present with a papule or nodule at the site of inoculation, followed by formation of crusts. Differential diagnoses of cutaneous leishmaniasis include variety of skin diseases, inflammatory like impetigo, eczema, or granulomatous like sarcoidosis, lupus vulgaris, to skin tumor like basal cell carcinoma & squamous cell carcinoma. There are various procedures and laboratory techniques used to diagnose leishmaniasis. Punch skin biopsy is widely used & popular technique to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis. Different drugs like sodium stibogluconate, sodium antimony gluconate, Amphotericin B and Miltefosine: are used for its treatment. No vaccines are available for prevention.
Highlights
At the turn of nineteenth century, Cunningham, Borovsky, Leishman, Donovan, Wright, Lindenberg and Vianna each independently identified the parasite that causes leishmaniasis.[1]
Leishmaniasis is considered to be zoonotic disease, encountered in endemic areas in dogs, wild rodents or other mammals. It is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania, and transmitted by a bite of infected female sandfly of the genus phlebotomus in the old world and the genus Lutzomyia in the new world.[3]
Post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL): It is caused by L. donovani and common in East Africa and on the Indian subcontinent, where upto 50% and 10% of patients with Kala-azar develop PKDL respectively
Summary
At the turn of nineteenth century, Cunningham, Borovsky, Leishman, Donovan, Wright, Lindenberg and Vianna each independently identified the parasite that causes leishmaniasis.[1]. Leishmaniasis is considered to be zoonotic disease, encountered in endemic areas in dogs, wild rodents or other mammals. It is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania, and transmitted by a bite of infected female sandfly of the genus phlebotomus in the old world and the genus Lutzomyia in the new world.[3] The disease is prevalent in 98 countries and regions of the world and responsible for increasing health problems.[4,5]. Visceral leishmaniasis is not included as the scope of this article
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