Abstract
Appreciation of the entire biological impact of an individual protein can be hampered by its original naming based on one function only. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), mostly known for its eponymous function to inhibit metalloproteinases, exhibits only a fraction of its cellular effects via this feature. Recently, TIMP-1 emerged as a potent cytokine acting via various cell-surface receptors, explaining a so-far under-appreciated role of TIMP-1-mediated signaling on immune cells. This, at least partly, resolved why elevated blood levels of TIMP-1 correlate with progression of numerous inflammatory diseases. Here, we emphasize the necessity of unbiased name-independent recognition of structure-function relationships to properly appreciate the biological potential of TIMP-1 and other cytokines in complex physiological processes such as inflammation.
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