Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been recently employed in the design and formulation of various dosage forms with the aim of on-demand manufacturing and personalized medicine. In this study, we formulated a floating sustained release system using fused deposition modeling (FDM). Filaments were prepared using hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and pregabalin as the active ingredient. Cylindrical tablets with infill percentages of 25%, 50% and 75% were designed and printed with the FDM printer. An optimized formulation (F6) was designed with a closed bottom layer and a partially opened top layer. Filaments and tablets were characterized by means of fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the processing condition did not have a significant effect on the stability of the drug and the crystallinity of the drug remained even after printing. A dissolution study revealed that drug release is faster in an open system with low infill percentage compared to closed systems and open systems with a high infill ratio. The optimized formulation (F6) with partially opened top layer showed zero-order drug release. The results show that FDM printing is suitable for the formulation of floating dosage form with the desired drug release profile.
Highlights
The concept of three-dimensional (3D) printing has been flourishing since the 1980s and has been applied to various fields as a tool for rapid prototyping, custom manufacturing and complex manufacturing [1]
Contrasting conventional manufacturing technique, 3D printing involves the fabrication of a 3D structure layer-by-layer from the bottom using a digital design, it is known as additive manufacturing [2,3]
Binder jet printing or inkjet printing was one of the first 3D printing technologies to be used in the preparation of drug delivery devices and one of the most widely studied technologies to date [12]
Summary
The concept of three-dimensional (3D) printing has been flourishing since the 1980s and has been applied to various fields as a tool for rapid prototyping, custom manufacturing and complex manufacturing [1]. Most of the technologies involve a high temperature, which is one of the major drawbacks of these processes, especially in the case of pharmaceuticals This technology has provided a new method for the preparation of personalized medicine with an accurate and adjustable dose and customized drug release profiles. Complex formulations such as combined dosage forms with mixed release kinetics and complex designs have been carried out to achieve better patient compliance and better therapeutic outcomes. FDM, a technology developed in the late 1980s, is one of the most widely studied technologies in pharmaceutics This technology, based on material extrusion, involves melting of filaments and deposition of the melted materials in layers where they fuse together to fabricate a 3D structure [4,13]. The resolution of printing does not affect the drug release mechanism; it is suitable for the fabrication of desired dosage forms
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