Customized additive manufacturing of porous Ti6Al4V scaffold with micro-topological structures to regulate cell behavior in bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Scaffold micro-topological structure plays an important role in the regulation of cell behavior in bone tissue engineering. This paper investigated the effect of 3D printing parameters on the scaffold micro-topological structure and its subsequent cell behaviors. By setting of different 3D printing parameters, i.e., the 3D printing laser power, the scanning interval and the thickness of sliced layers, the highest resolution up to 20 μm can be precisely fabricated. Scaffolds' characterization results indicated that the laser power affected the forming quality of melt tracks, the scanning interval distance determined the size of regularly arranged pores, and the thickness of sliced layers affected the morphological and structural characteristics. By regulating of these printing parameters, customized porous Ti6Al4V scaffold with varied hierarchical micro-topological structure can be obtained. In vitro cell culturing results showed that the regular porous micro-topological structure of scaffolds with the aperture close to cell size was more suitable for cell proliferation and adhesion. The overall distribution of cells on regular porous scaffolds was similar to the orderly arrangement of cultivated crops in the field. The findings suggested that customization of the scaffold provided an effective way to regulate cellular behavior and biological properties.