Customary land ownership and land use change in Kumasi: An issue of chieftaincy sustenance?

Abstract

Like many African countries, Ghana operates a pluralistic land tenure system – customary and state ownership exist conterminously. Land-use planning is largely a state function, but the involvement of chiefs who are custodians of about 78% of the lands is significant. The main aim of this paper is to examine how customary land ownership affects land-use change. This was done by specifically examining (i) the causes of selected land-use changes, and (ii) chieftaincy sustenance in relation to land ownership and land-use change. The study uses primarily qualitative approaches, with an in-depth study of multiple cases in Kumasi. Data were collected from several sources through face-to-face interviews, documentary reviews, observation, and focus group discussions. Data were analysed using the content analytical approach via the aid of Atlas ti, a qualitative analysis tool. The study’s major contribution to land-use planning and urban governance is the chieftaincy sustenance which came out as a crucial factor for land-use change. Other factors include increasing land values, urbanisation, land ownership disputes, and the government’s mal-handling of acquired lands. The customary land ownership system being embedded in African societies means that chieftaincy continues to be powerful in the management of the cities. Thus, chieftaincy sustenance should be a matter of concern in urban planning and governance. We call for increased collaboration between the traditional authorities and the State systems to actively govern land-use planning at the local government level.