Curves in quantum state space, geometric phases, and the brachistophase

Abstract

Given a curve in quantum spin state space, we inquire what is the relation between its geometry and the geometric phase accumulated along it. Motivated by Mukunda and Simon’s result that geodesics (in the standard Fubini-Study metric) do not accumulate geometric phase, we find a general expression for the derivatives (of various orders) of the geometric phase in terms of the covariant derivatives of the curve. As an application of our results, we put forward the brachistophase problem: given a quantum state, find the (appropriately normalized) Hamiltonian that maximizes the accumulated geometric phase after time τ—we find an analytical solution for all spin values, valid for small τ. For example, the optimal evolution of a spin coherent state consists of a single Majorana star separating from the rest and tracing out a circle on the Majorana sphere.