Abstract
Curved beam elements with six degrees of freedom and two-, three-, four- and five-node Timoshenko straight beam elements with four, five, six and seven degrees of freedom, respectively, are proposed to eliminate stiffness locking when applied to the dynamic analysis of the beams. The elements are based on curvature assumptions so that they can represent the bending energy accurately, and the shear strain energy is incorporated into the formulation by way of the equilibrium equation. Eigenvalue problems of Timoshenko and shear-deformable curved beams are analyzed by using the elements. The results of the eigen-analysis show that the curvature-based beam elements are free of locking and are efficient.
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