Abstract
Based on the current literature treatment of vertigo and dizziness was summarized depending on its origin. Attention was drawn to the most common causes of vertigo and early differential diagnosis between central and peripheral vertigo. There are three main methods of treatment for vertigo: pharmacotherapy, rehabilitation and surgical treatment. Pharmacotherapy in the treatment of vertigo has its place mainly in the acute phase of attacks. Rehabilitation is one of the most important methods of vestibular compensation support, recommended in the vertigo treatment after the resolution of acute symptoms in most cases. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo usually release after repositional maneuvers such as Epley maneuver. In some diagnoses, such as Meniere’s disease or migraine associated vertigo, appropriate diet can befavorable to preventing the attacks. Surgery is used in some cases where there is no improvement after pharmacotherapy and also in tumors, vascular and cervical spine lesions. In some patients with vertigo, treatment success depends on multidisciplinary cooperation: an otolaryngologist, a physiotherapist, an internist, a vascular surgeon, a neurosurgeon or a psychiatrist.
Highlights
The epidemiological data indicate that among all patients who come to General Practitioners (GPs) those who suffer from vertigo and balance disorders account for 5-7%
According to the data published by Tacikowska and KubieczkJagielska, 50% of balance disorders is caused by pathology of the inner ear, 5% is caused by neurological disorders, 5% includes orthostatic dizziness and adverse effects of drugs, about 15% are psychological and psychiatric causes, and about 25% of vertigo and dizziness etiology is unknown [1]
Cytoprotective treatment is recommended in chronic vertebro-basilar insufficiency: piracetam (Memotropil, Nootropil, Lucetam) - derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in dose 3×800 mg/day for 8 weeks, trimetazidine (Metazydyna, Preductal, Cyto-Protectin), an extract of Ginkgo biloba (Bilobil, Ginkofar)
Summary
The epidemiological data indicate that among all patients who come to General Practitioners (GPs) those who suffer from vertigo and balance disorders account for 5-7%. These people are estimated at 10-12% of the otolaryngologists’ patients. The doctor should determine if the patient reports vertigo, dizziness, lightheadness or presyncope. In balance disorders of the vertigo type the subjective sense of motion is dominating, most commonly of the type of the spinning of one’s surroundings. This is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, or sudden sweating. In most cases of patients with vertigo, advanced clinical diagnostics is not necessary, as they can be successfully treated on the GP level with only periodic otolaryngological control
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