Abstract
The review addresses current concepts on the origin and functions of Schwann cells (SCs) as well as phenotypic characterization of their precursors at different ontogenetic stages. The necessity of versatile fundamental exploring SCs is dictated by searching for novel ways to stimulate the recovery of peripheral nerve fibers, including cell and gene therapy. Being a major structural component of the nerve, SCs have a decisive influence on degenerative and reparative processes therein. Particularly accentuated is the lack of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that regulate SCs differentiation at different ontogenetic stages and their plasticity in the pathology of nerve conduction.
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