Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains one of the most prominent cancer-causing DNA viruses, contributing to approximately 5% of human cancers. While association between HPV and cervical cancers has been well-established, evidence on the attribution of head and neck cancers (HNC) to HPV have been increasing in recent years. Among the cancer-causing HPV genotypes, HPV16 and 18 remain the major contributors to cancers across the globe. Nonetheless, the distribution of HPV genotypes in ethnically, geographically, and socio-economically diverse East, Southeast, and South Asia may differ from other parts of the world. In this review, we garner and provide updated insight into various aspects of HPV reported in recent years (2015-2021) in these regions. We included: (i) the HPV genotypes detected in normal cancers of the uterine cervix and head and neck, as well as the distribution of the HPV genotypes by geography and age groups; (ii) the laboratory diagnostic methods and treatment regimens used within these regions; and (iii) the oncogenic properties of HPV prototypes and their variants contributing to carcinogenesis. More importantly, we also unveil the similarities and discrepancies between these aspects, the areas lacking study, and the challenges faced in HPV studies.
Highlights
Papillomaviruses, belong to the family of Papillomaviridae, are small and nonenveloped viruses of 52–55 nm in diameter
We describe the treatment regimens for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers employed within South, East, and Southeast Asia, most of which are standardized and well-established treatment options, including HPV vaccines, surgical ablation, photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and anti-viral agents
In low- and middle-income countries, the general population may have some grasp on cervical cancer
Summary
Papillomaviruses, belong to the family of Papillomaviridae, are small and nonenveloped viruses of 52–55 nm in diameter. We reveal the pattern of HPV genotype distribution reported in East, Southeast, and South Asia by countries, lesions, and age groups. HPV16, 52, 51, 18, and 58 were reported as the most prevalent types detected in cervical lesion samples [72,73,74].
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