Abstract
BackgroundIn the last decade, multiple studies have been published that analyze the relationship between the risk of experiencing biological complications with implants and the presence of certain types of genetic polymorphisms. In the present report, we analyze the controversies that have arisen from this important area of investigation and synthesize the most prominent aspects of knowledge related to this possible etiopathogenic relationship.Material and MethodsFor this review, the biomedical databases PubMed-Medline, SciELO, and DOAJ were used. Different search strategies were employed, from which 298 articles initially emerged. After refinement of the search, 55 articles published between 2002 and 2018 were finally selected based on relevance.ResultsIn certain population groups, there is evidence to support that about a dozen polymorphisms could in some way be related to biological complications in implantology. Indeed, the results may vary according to the ethnic origin of the population studied. Most of the published investigations are initial studies reporting small sample sizes and utilizing different study group homogenization methods. We are still at a preliminary stage of our understanding and development with regard to these types of biomarkers. The interesting results identified indicate that new investigations will be necessary to eliminate the biases observed in some studies and to homogenize the research groups. In order to clarify the controversies surrounding the current knowledge in this field, we believe that it will be necessary to employ larger study groups and search for possible synergistic effects between different polymorphisms. Key words:Polymorphism, genetic markers, peri-implantitis, biological complication, dental implant.
Highlights
Implantology is a predictable and reproducible alternative for replacing missing teeth
The results of this study demonstrated that the presence of the CC genotype was associated with a five times greater risk of peri-implantitis, while the CT genotype displayed a certain “protective effect”
In recent years, interest in the study of biomarkers in implantology has increased considerably, initially aimed at improving the predictability in the osseointegration phase of implants and more recently driven by a desire to reverse the increasing rates of peri-implantitis observed within the last decade (3,4)
Summary
Implantology is a predictable and reproducible alternative for replacing missing teeth. We could know beforehand the relative risk of a particular patient to suffer from peri-implant disease due to their genetic characteristics or “peculiarities” and proactively establish personalized diagnostic and therapeutic protocols to reduce its prevalence (9,10). Some of these mutations are significantly prevalent in the population (above 1%), constituting what are called “genetic polymorphisms” For this reason, in recent years, several studies have been conducted to try to understand the relationship between certain polymorphisms and peri-implant disease. The available studies are promising and justify additional efforts to continue investigating in this field In this narrative review, we try to synthesize and perform a critical analysis on the relationship between genetic polymorphisms, peri-implant disease and the risk of early implant failure. In order to clarify the controversies surrounding the current knowledge in this field, we believe that it will be necessary to employ larger study groups and search for possible synergistic effects between different polymorphisms
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