Abstract
Intelligence research and assessment rank among those ‘projects’ and applied fields of psychology that are given top priority. Nevertheless, a controversial and often very intense debate, which began with Francis Galton, J. McKeen Cattell and A. Binet, about the pros and cons of the proposed models of intelligence and intelligence tests, has never subsided. The famous Russian psychologist Vygotsky, who drew on reflections on the theory of evolution, and the German psychologist Kern, who based his work on a critique of conventional psychotechnical aptitude tests, were the first, during the 1930s, to pave the way for the operationalization of the learning ability concept. The idea was revitalized during the 1960s and 1970s when, because of the unfair treatment minorities were given by the conventional intelligence test, conventional tests were subjected to severe criticism.
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