Abstract
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a life-threatening infection that is a leading cause of mortality among patients with decompensated cirrhosis. In this article, we present current trends in the management of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), highlighting treatment failure rates of traditional regimens and ways in which to address such challenges. Despite available management guidelines, there are data to support that these guidelines are often not adhered to, e.g., performing a diagnostic paracentesis at the time of hospital admission in a patient with ascites. Management of SBP is now further complicated by resistant organisms and an increasing prevalence of nosocomial and healthcare-associated infections. Effective treatment of SBP requires careful consideration of patient risk factors, local antibiotic resistance patterns, and clinical presentation.
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