Abstract
The aim of engineering of biomaterials is to fabricate implantable biocompatible scaffold that would accelerate regeneration of the tissue and ideally protect the wound against biodevice-related infections, which may cause prolonged inflammation and biomaterial failure. To obtain antimicrobial and highly biocompatible scaffolds promoting cell adhesion and growth, materials scientists are still searching for novel modifications of biomaterials. This review presents current trends in the field of engineering of biomaterials concerning application of various modifications and biophysical stimulation of scaffolds to obtain implants allowing for fast regeneration process of bone and cartilage as well as providing long-lasting antimicrobial protection at the site of injury. The article describes metal ion and plasma modifications of biomaterials as well as post-surgery external stimulations of implants with ultrasound and magnetic field, providing accelerated regeneration process. Finally, the review summarizes recent findings concerning the use of piezoelectric biomaterials in regenerative medicine.
Highlights
Biomaterials for Bone and Cartilage RegenerationThe aim of the engineering of biomaterials is to fabricate a biocompatible scaffold that would support or ideally enhance regeneration of tissue after biomaterial implantation within the injured area
This review presents current trends in the field of engineering of biomaterials concerning application of various modifications and biophysical stimulation of biomaterials to obtain implants allowing for fast regeneration process and providing long-lasting antimicrobial protection at the site of injury
Modern strategy to bone and cartilage regeneration includes the use of biomaterials to support new tissue formation and to accelerate healing process at the implantation area
Summary
The aim of the engineering of biomaterials is to fabricate a biocompatible scaffold that would support or ideally enhance regeneration of tissue after biomaterial implantation within the injured area. It should be noted that flexible biomaterials possessing lower stiffness (lower E value) compared to the host bone can be used only in non-load bearing implantation areas. These kinds of materials under exposure to the mechanical load may exert constant physical pressure to the surrounded bone tissue, resulting in excessive ossification. This review presents current trends in the field of engineering of biomaterials concerning application of various modifications and biophysical stimulation of biomaterials to obtain implants allowing for fast regeneration process and providing long-lasting antimicrobial protection at the site of injury
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