Abstract
The rising energy demand of the world due to rapidly expanding population and accelerated industrialization is primarily satisfied by non-renewable fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are depleting at a faster rate and their overexploitation has raised serious environmental concerns which necessitate switching to alternative sustainable energy resources. Biodiesel has caught substantial interest as a viable and adaptable fuel substitute to the currently employed nonrenewable fuels due to its renewability, biodegradability and environmentally benign nature. Biodiesel can be derived from multiple sources by different production processes among which transesterification is the most widely exploited process. This article reviews different feedstocks for biodiesel production and strategies to improve lipid content in microalgae for enhanced biodiesel production. This review further describes biodiesel production methods, types of catalyst used in transesterification process, and assesses the recent critical challenges along with technical solutions for sustainable biodiesel production.
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