Abstract

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the key insights derived from a three-dimensional perspective on EU–Turkey relations that combines the analytical lenses of (1) theories and concepts, (2) institutions, and (3) policies. It furthermore reflects upon the different periodizations of the EU–Turkey relationship. On this basis, we offer a systematic survey of the conditions under which cooperative trends in EU–Turkey relations could be (re)invigorated. The analysis shows that despite the high potential for reciprocity inside and outside the accession framework, the relationship currently rests on unfavorable conditions for cooperation on both sides. Important enablers of cooperative behavior—trust, communication, reputation, fairness, enforcement, and common identity—cannot properly operate in the current setup. The chapter puts forward possible means to allow for these enablers to facilitate cooperative behavior in EU–Turkey relations in the future. It concludes by discussing the future trajectory of the relationship and pinpointing avenues for a future research agenda for EU–Turkey studies.

Highlights

  • Despite the growing institutional instability and fragility of the relationship, the persisting stalemate in Turkey’s EU accession process, and the weakening communication channels between the two sides, EU–Turkey relations have endured

  • In the first part of this chapter, we summarize, contrast, and merge key insights derived from this three-dimensional approach to studying the EU–Turkey relationship, offer cross-chapter linkages, and reflect on the different periodizations of the relationship

  • The last incidence in which organized collective action was undertaken in view of a common challenge was when the EU and Turkey responded to the cross-border implications of the war in Syria with a joint ‘deal’ on the management of irregular migration flows in March 2016

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Summary

16.1 Introduction

Despite the growing institutional instability and fragility of the relationship, the persisting stalemate in Turkey’s EU accession process, and the weakening communication channels between the two sides, EU–Turkey relations have endured. This volume has mapped and analyzed EU–Turkey relations with a particular focus on developments over the last decade Our motivation for this systematic reassessment was threefold: (1) to shed light on the current determinants, complexities, and multiplicities of the relationship; (2) to explicate the conditions for a cooperative relationship between the EU and Turkey; and (3) to create a basis for extrapolation into the future trajectory of EU–Turkey relations. The design of this study rested on the assumption that the survey of these interconnected dimensions as distinct objects of investigation offers a multi-angled approach that is fit to examine EU–Turkey relations as a ‘moving target’ In this context, the volume has utilized a set of guiding questions related to key turning points and periods, actors and institutional frameworks, policies, and different explanatory and analytical models. We discuss the future trajectory of EU–Turkey relations and identify avenues for a future research agenda for EU–Turkey studies

16.2 Theorizing and Conceptualizing EU–Turkey Relations
16.3 The Division of Labor and Interplay of EU Institutions in EU–Turkey Relations
16.4 The Role of Policies in EU–Turkey Relations
16.5 Competing and Converging Periodizations of EU–Turkey Relations
16.6 The Future of EU–Turkey Relations
16.6.4 The Vicious Circle of Ruined ‘Reputation’
16.6.5 Diverging Conceptions of ‘Fairness’
Findings
16.7 Conclusion

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