Abstract
Candidiasis or oral candidosis is one of the most common human opportunistic fungal infections of the oral cavity. This pathology has a wide variety of treatment which has been studied until these days. The present study offers a literature review on the treatment of oral candidiasis, with the purpose of establish which treatment is the most suitable in each case. Searching the 24 latest articles about treatment of candidiasis it concluded that the incidence depends on the type of the candidiasis and the virulence of the infection. Although nystatin and amphotericin b were the most drugs used locally, fluconazole oral suspension is proving to be a very effective drug in the treatment of oral candidiasis. Fluconazole was found to be the drug of choice as a systemic treatment of oral candidiasis. Due to its good antifungal properties, its high acceptance of the patient and its efficacy compared with other antifungal drugs. But this drug is not always effective, so we need to evaluate and distinguish others like itraconazole or ketoconazole, in that cases when Candida strains resist to fluconazole. Key words:Candidiasis, treatment, miconazole, fluconazole, nystatin.
Highlights
The incidence of fungal infections has been increasing over the last decades, being more prevalent in developed countries [1]
Oral candidiasis is one of the most common clinical features of those patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], this manifestation was seen in up to 90% of individuals infected with HIV [3]
The treatment of oral candidiasis is based on four fundaments [7]: making an early and accurate diagnosis of the infection; Correcting the predisposing factors or underlying diseases; Evaluating the type of Candida infection; Appropriate use of antifungal drugs, evaluating the efficacy / toxicity ratio in each case
Summary
The incidence of fungal infections has been increasing over the last decades, being more prevalent in developed countries [1]. An increase incidence of the infections is associated with some predisposing factors (Table 1) as the use of dentures, xerostomia, prolonged therapy with antibiotics, local trauma, malnutrition, endocrine disorders, increased longevity of people, among other states that diminish the quality of defense of the individual [2]. The techniques available for the isolation of Candida in the oral cavity include direct examination or cytological smear, culture of microorganisms and biopsy which is indicated for cases of hiperplasic candidiasis because this type could present dysplasias [6]. The treatment of oral candidiasis is based on four fundaments [7]: making an early and accurate diagnosis of the infection; Correcting the predisposing factors or underlying diseases; Evaluating the type of Candida infection; Appropriate use of antifungal drugs, evaluating the efficacy / toxicity ratio in each case. This study provides a literature review of the treatment of oral candidiasis and its objectives are to establish general guidelines for treatment of oral candidiasis; Assess the drug of choice for local treatment of oral candidiasis; Assess the systemic treatment for oral candidiasis
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