Current strategies with high-dose tirofiban

Abstract

The glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor is a platelet-specific adhesion receptor that mediates the formation of platelet aggregates. Pharmacologic blockade of the receptor is associated with a reduction in major cardiovascular adverse events after percutaneous coronary interventions and in the setting of acute coronary syndromes. Three intravenous GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors are available: abciximab, tirofiban and eptifibatide. Tirofiban is a small, synthetic non-peptide, competitive GP IIb/IIIa antagonist with high specificity and high affinity for the GP IIb/IIIa receptor. In a head-to-head comparison, tirofiban 10-µg/kg bolus followed by a 0.15-µg/kg/min infusion was found to be inferior to standard dose of abciximab in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Insufficient platelet inhibition with low-dose tirofiban may likely explain these results. Subsequently, a high-bolus dose of tirofiban (25 µg/kg bolus) followed by standard infusion was tested and evidence suggest that in this dosing tirofiban may be as effective as abciximab and have a comparable safety profile. Therefore, high-bolus dose tirofiban may be an appealing and cost-effective alternative to abciximab. However, further testing is warranted given the short follow up and limited statistical power of the available data.