Current status on synthesis, properties and applications of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots/nanocrystals

Abstract

The quantum confinement effect and interesting optical properties of cesium lead halide (CsPbX3; X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) and nanocrystals (NCs) have given a new horizon to lighting and photonic applications. Given the exponential rate at which scientific results on CsPbX3 NCs are published in the last few years, it can be expected that the research in CsPbX3 NCs will further receive increasing scientific interests in the near future and possibly lead to great commercial opportunities to realize these materials based practical applications. With the rapid progress in the single-photon emitting CsPbX3 QDs and NCs, practical applications of the quantum technologies such as single-photon emitting light-emitting diode, quantum lasers, quantum computing might soon be possible. But to reach at cutting edge of stable perovskite QDs/NCs, the study of fundamental insight and theoretical aspects of crystal design is yet insufficient. Even more, it has aroused many unanswered questions related to the stability, optical and electronic properties of the CsPbX3 QDs. Aim of the present review is to illustrate didactically a precise study of recent progress in the synthesis, properties and applications of CsPbX3 QDs and NCs. Critical issues that currently restrict the applicability of these QDs will be identified and advanced methodologies currently in the developing queue, to overcome the roadblock, will be presented. And finally, the prospects for future directions will be provided.