Current Status of Sexual Health in Korean Mothers Residing in Japan ( Zainichi Mothers)

Abstract

This study aimed to clarify the influence of traditional values and gender identity on sexual health among mothers in the Korean population living in Japan (zainichi). A cross-sectional survey was completed by 117 zainichi mothers aged 20–45 years in 2017. The questionnaire assessed participants’ characteristics, views on marriage/ pregnancy/ childbirth, reproductive health, domestic violence, and housework and childrearing burdens. We also evaluated traditional value, sex role attitudes, marital satisfaction, and trust, hope, and satisfaction regarding the Japanese and zainichi communities. Most zainichi mothers were satisfied with their pregnancy (96.3%) and childbirth (98.2%) timing, but the actual number of children was below the desired number of children. Of all participants, 10.0%, 25.0%, and 33.3%, respectively, reported dissatisfaction with decision-making regarding contraception, abortion, and divorce, and most participants reported a housework burden that was “strong” (46.5%) or “very strong” (14.7%). Women’s sexual health was associated with traditional values, gender role attitudes, marital satisfaction, and living in Koreatown. Ethnic school experience, hope for marriage, hope for a boy, and pressure for a boy were significantly associated with traditional values. zainichi Korean mothers’ wishes regarding contraception, abortion, and divorce are not respected. Many do not achieve their ideal number of children, and they are generally responsible for housework and childrearing. Traditional values, gender role attitudes, and marital satisfaction influence zainichi mothers’ sexual health. Midwives and nurses should provide information and training about sexuality, and facilitate childcare support resources in the zainichi Korean community.