Abstract
Epidemiological studies on peptic ulcer disease (PUD) have shown a recent decrease in hospital admissions in Western countries. This paper aimed to study the current status and risk factors of PUD in a Nigerian metropolis. A cross-sectional study of symptomatic patients at upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy diagnosed with PUD from February 2014 to September 2019 at a referral endoscopy facility in Port Harcourt, Niger delta region of Nigeria. The variables studied included demographics, symptoms and duration, blood group, chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) use, smoking, endoscopic and histology findings. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. A total of 434 upper GI endoscopies were performed during the study period with thirty-one diagnosis of PUD made. The mean age of gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU) cases were 54.4 ± 20.2yrs and 48.1 ± 14.5yrs respectively (p = 0.367). GU to DU ratio was 1.4:1. H. pylori infection, chronic NSAID use and blood group O were seen in 7(22.5%), 8(25.8%) and 18(72.0%) respectively. Major indication in 21(67.7%) cases was gastrointestinal bleeding. There is a low diagnostic rate of PUD (6.7%) with pre-pyloric antral gastric ulcers as most common type and multifactorial aetiology.
Highlights
Peptic ulcer is a disease of antiquity with the first medical report in the 4th century BC 1
This paper aimed to study the current status and risk factors of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in a Nigerian metropolis
A total of 434 upper GI endoscopies were performed during the study period with thirty-one cases diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease
Summary
Peptic ulcer is a disease of antiquity with the first medical report in the 4th century BC 1. Peptic ulcers are estimated to involve 5-10% of the population.[2] It is a breach in gastric or duodenal epithelium extending beyond the muscularis mucosa layer. This results from an imbalance between mucosal protective factors (e.g. mucous production, bicarbonate secretion and blood flow) and mucosal aggressive factors (e.g. acid and pepsin).[3] PUD is a major gastrointestinal-related reason for hospitalization.[4] A reduction of acid output (vagotomy) is an integral part of surgical treatment of intractable ulcer and complications of this disease. Epidemiological studies on peptic ulcer disease (PUD) have shown a recent decrease in hospital admissions in Western countries.
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