Abstract
Mumps is an important childhood infectious disease caused by mumps virus (MuV). We reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and vaccine development of mumps. Previous studies were identified using the key words “mumps” and “epidemiology”, “pathogenesis” or “vaccine” in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We excluded the articles that were not published in the English language, manuscripts without abstracts, and opinion articles from the review. The number of cases caused by MuV decreased steeply after the introduction of the mumps vaccine worldwide. In recent years, a global resurgence of mumps cases in developed countries and cases of aseptic meningitis caused by some mumps vaccine strains have renewed the importance of MuV infection worldwide. The performance of mumps vaccination has become an important issue for controlling mumps infections. Vaccine development and routine vaccination are still effective measures to globally reduce the incidence of mumps infections. During outbreaks, a third of MMR vaccine is recommended for groups of persons determined by public authorities.
Highlights
Mumps is known as an important vaccine-preventable childhood viral disease [1]
These papers related to mumps virus infection were obtained by searching online database of MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA), PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using in combination of key terms “mumps” and “epidemiology”, “pathogenesis”, or “vaccine”
Several reasons were raised to explain the unexpected occurrence: waning immunity [52,53]; the efficacy of mumps vaccine, which has varied according to the doses of vaccinations and different virus strain used for production of the mumps vaccine [54,55,56,57]; and how much the level of antibody persisted in body with time after vaccination or natural infection among population [24,43]
Summary
The clinical pictures of mumps virus (MuV) infection is characterized by pain and swelling of the parotid glands, but can involve various other tissues and organs [2]. It can cause serious complications including encephalitis, meningitis, orchitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, and nephritis [2,3]. All papers used in this review were published 2002 or later These papers related to mumps virus infection were obtained by searching online database of MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA), PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using in combination of key terms “mumps” and “epidemiology”, “pathogenesis”, or “vaccine”. A total of 3002 papers were identified from the study sources and this was reduced to 124 after screening the un-relevant articles and duplicates were removed (Figure 1)
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