Abstract
Some viruses of the Herpesviridae family are frequently the etiologic agents of oral lesions associated with HIV. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus type 6, type 7 and type 8 (HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8) in the oral cavity of HIV-infected children/adolescents and verify the association between viral subtypes and clinical factors. The cells of oral mucosa were collected from 50 HIV infected children/adolescents, 3-13 years old (mean age 8.66). The majority (66%) of selected were girls, and they were all outpatients at the pediatric AIDS clinic of a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Nested-PCR was used to identify the viral types. Absence of immunosuppression was observed in 66% of the children. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was used by 72.1% of selected and moderate viral load was observed in 56% of the children/adolescents. Viral types were found in 86% of the children and the subtypes were: HSV-1 (4%), HSV-2 (2%), VZV (4%), EBV (0%), HCMV (24%), HHV6 (18%), HHV-7 (68%), HHV8 (0%). The use of HAART has helped to reduce oral lesions, especially with herpes virus infections. The health professionals who work with these patients should be aware of such lesions because of their predictive value and the herpes virus can be found circulating in the oral cavity without causing lesions.
Highlights
Some viruses of the Herpesviridae family are frequently the etiologic agents of oral lesions associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Oral manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are common. The prevalence of these lesions ranges from 20 to 80% depending on patient immune suppression, and they are considered as markers of infection and predictors of the progression of HIV disease to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)[1]
Human immunodeficiency virus -infected children and adults are prone to opportunistic viral infections in the oral mucosa, mainly from the Herpesviridae family members such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), the cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), all of which are important etiologic agents of morbidity[2,3,4]
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus -infected children and adults are prone to opportunistic viral infections in the oral mucosa, mainly from the Herpesviridae family members such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), the cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), all of which are important etiologic agents of morbidity[2,3,4]. This family of infectious agents is composed of three groups of viruses and has a distinct characteristic of being able to persist in latency and they depend on some stimulus for. Human herpesvirus 7 (HSV-7) is considered the etiologic agent of exanthema subitum, occurring primarily in children, and is accompanied by high fevers and rashes and the human herpesvirus type 8 (HSV-8) is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and can cause death especially in immune suppressed patients[5,6,7]
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