Current Status of Fast Reactors and Future Plans in India

Abstract

Abstract In the Indian energy scenario projections for the future, the nuclear power through fast reactors is expected to play an important role of ∼ 20% of total installed capacity by 2052. Successful operation of 40 MWt/13 MWe capacity Fast Breeder Test Reactor(FBTR) since 1985, strong R&D executed in multidisciplinary domain backed up by manufacturing technology and construction of 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) based on indigenous design have provided high confidence on the success of sodium cooled fast reactor technology. PFBR is a pool type MoX fuelled reactor designed with 2 primary sodium pumps, 2 secondary loops, 8 single wall integrated once through steam generators, and a rectangular containment. PFBR is presently under advanced stage of construction. Beyond PFBR, it is planned to construct 6 more FBRs of 500 MWe capacity each. Towards this, a systematic roadmap has been drawn for improved economy and enhanced safety through a number of measures. Roadmap for necessary R&D and manufacturing technology has been well detailed. The major features incorporated are twin unit concept, plant life increased to 60 years in comparison to 40 years for PFBR, reduction in number of steam generators from 8 to 6, reduction in special steel specific weight requirements, integrated primary sodium purification, enhanced reliability of shutdown systems, enhanced diversity in decay heat removal systems, enhanced in -service inspection, and compact plant layout. Beyond 2025, a series of 1000 MWe capacity metallic fuel with higher breeding potential are planned. R&D activities have been systematically formulated for metallic fuel development of both sodium bonded and mechanical bonded design. The paper addresses the highlights of current operating experience of FBTR and its life extension, construction status of PFBR, and design features of future sodium cooled fast reactors in India.