Abstract
Comparative maps, representing chromosomal locations of homologous genes in different species, are useful sources of information for identifying candidate disease genes and genes determining complex traits. They facilitate gene mapping and linkage prediction in other species, and provide information on genome organization and evolution. Here, the current gene mapping and comparative mapping status of the major livestock species are presented. Two techniques were widely used in comparative mapping: FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) and PCR-based mapping using somatic cell hybrid (SCH) or radiation hybrid (RH) panels. New techniques, using, for example, ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) or CASTS (Comparatively Anchored Sequence Tagged Sites), also have been developed as useful tools for analyzing comparative genome organization in livestock species, further enabling accurate transfer of valuable information from one species to another.
Highlights
Progress in cytogenetics and genomics in livestock species gains great benefit from the human genome project providing we can recognize conserved genomic blocks between different species including the major domestic animal species
Even though mammalian divergences began approximately 70 million years ago, vertebrate species presumably share most of their genes, even among distantly related classes like birds and some fish species (Andersson et al, 1996)
For example chicken chromosome 13 exhibits conserved synteny with human chromosome 5 (HSA5) (Buitenhuis et al, 2002) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) linkage group 9 is closely homologous to the long arm of HSA2 (Postlethwait et al, 1998)
Summary
Division of Animal Science and Resources, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs. ABSTRACT : Comparative maps, representing chromosomal locations of homologous genes in different species, are useful sources of information for identifying candidate disease genes and genes determining complex traits. They facilitate gene mapping and linkage prediction in other species, and provide information on genome organization and evolution. New techniques, using, for example, ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) or CASTS (Comparatively Anchored Sequence Tagged Sites), have been developed as useful tools for analyzing comparative genome organization in livestock species, further enabling accurate transfer of valuable information from one species to another. Key Words : Comparative Maps, FISH, Somatic Cell Hybrid Panel, Radiation Hybrid Panel, ESTs, CASTS
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