Abstract
To prove clinical benefits of cancer vaccine is currently difficult, except for one phase III trial has documented improved overall survival with the vaccine, Sipuleucel-T, although induction of anti-tumor immune responses through cancer vaccine is theoretically promising and would be straightforward. In contrast, immune checkpoint blockade with anti-CTLA4 mAb and anti-PD-1 mAb has demonstrated clear evidence of objective responses including improved overall survival and tumor shrinkage, driving renewed enthusiasm for cancer immunotherapy in multiple cancer types. In addition, there is a promising novel cancer immunotherapy, CAR therapy-a personalized treatment that involves genetically modifying a patient's T-cells to make them target tumor cells. We are now facing new era of cancer immunotherapy.
Highlights
Recent approval of Sipuluecel-T, which is a cancer vaccine with an activated antigen presenting cells (APCs) and lymphocyte mixture for hormone refractory prostate cáncer, paved the way to antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy [1]
Modern engineering technologies enabled to generate mAbs specific for certain target molecules, and recent breakthrough results from mAbs therapy inhibiting immune checkpoints such a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and PD-1 could pave the way to a new field of cancer immunotherapy
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy are discussed with particular focus on cancer vaccine and immune checkpoint blockade
Summary
To prove clinical benefits of cancer vaccine is currently difficult, except for one phase III trial has documented improved overall survival with the vaccine, Sipuleucel-T, induction of anti-tumor immune responses through cancer vaccine is theoretically promising and would be straightforward. Immune checkpoint blockade with anti-CTLA4 mAb and anti-PD-1 mAb has demonstrated clear evidence of objective responses including improved overall survival and tumor shrinkage, driving renewed enthusiasm for cancer immunotherapy in multiple cancer types. There is a promising novel cancer immunotherapy, CAR therapy—a personalized treatment that involves genetically modifying a patient’s T- cells to make them target tumor cells. We are facing new era of cancer immunotherapy
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