Current Status of Antiviral Chemotherapy for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Its Impact on Disease Control

Abstract

Acyclovir is an effective treatment for herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Its use produces improvement in symptoms and reduces the frequency of recurring disease. During chronic suppressive acyclovir therapy, breakthrough recurrences and asymptomatic viral shedding are common. Adverse reactions or signs of toxicity from acyclovir have been minimal. Early treatment does not prevent the establishment of latent HSV infection, the transmission of genital HSV infection, or asymptomatic viral shedding. Patient awareness of atypical lesions and modification of sexual activity are important aspects affecting transmission. Acyclovir resistance is being reported with increasing frequency, especially in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The development of additional antiviral agents would be beneficial in continuing the progress toward control of HSV infection.