Abstract
Hookworm species are mainly an endo-parasite of cats and dogs and others animals including man. Next to roundworm (Ascaris suum) and whipworm (Trichuris trichuria) infections, hookworm infections ranked third in terms of disease load in humans. Among hookworms, Ancylostoma species are highly prevalent in various species of domestic and wild animals, including humans, and mostly found in Asia and tropical countries. People who live in poor resource countries are more vulnerable than in developed countries. Hookworms in children cause mental impairment that leads to cognitive impairment. Similarly, a disability-adjusted life year (DALY) occurs in hookworms, particularly Ancylostoma infects children due to physical impairment. In animals, hookworm may cause diarrhea, stunted growth, and anemia and even lead to death in young animals. Furthermore, Ancylostoma causes cutaneous larva migrans, eosinophilic enteritis, and anemia and finally may cause death in humans. As a result of urbanization, climate change, and land degradation, there are various Ancylostoma species which are newly emerging in animals. Currently, the Ancylostoma is a great concern both in humans and animals, particularly in resource poor countries. The Ancylostoma infection may require governmental and public attention. Therefore, a control and prevention strategy strongly requires integration between medical and veterinary communities to improve environmental and personal hygiene.
Highlights
Soil transmitted gastro intestinal helminth infections are common in less developed countries and in the world's poorest populations
There is a scarcity of compiled information of Ancylostoma species infections in domestic and wild animals as well as in humans
Taxonomy of Ancylostoma species are classified under class of nematode which is important to indicate the genetically relationship of the different species, systems of taxonomy has been developed (Figure 2)
Summary
Soil transmitted gastro intestinal helminth infections are common in less developed countries and in the world's poorest populations. Some of the Ancylostoma eggs and adult parasites of cats and dogs have been detected in the human intestine. A previous study reported that orally administration of a combination of pyrantel, febantel, and praziquantel was found to be helpful in dogs with chronic illness [13] It is frequently ineffective at eliminating adult worms from the host intestine [14]. Prevention and control of zoonotic hookworms are becoming serious challenges for various reasons, like, lack of restricted movement of canine and feline animals to social recreational places, walking barefoot, over intimacy with pet animals, and lack of community awareness In this regard, there is a scarcity of compiled information of Ancylostoma species infections in domestic and wild animals as well as in humans. Taxonomy of Ancylostoma species are classified under class of nematode which is important to indicate the genetically relationship of the different species, systems of taxonomy has been developed (Figure 2)
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