Abstract
There has been remarkable progress in the search for Parkinson's disease therapies. However, L-dopa replacement therapy remains the gold standard despite drawbacks that include wearing off and dyskinesias. Devices such as continuous infusion pumps and new dosage forms have been developed to improve the treatment response to L-dopa. Simultaneously, many new drugs that control these side effects have been developed. In addition, progression-suppressing therapeutic agents, such as α-synuclein targeting nucleic acid therapies and antibody therapies are in development all over the world. Biomarkers are needed to assess the effects of these therapies; hence, biomarker development is an urgent task.
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