Abstract
Nepal is endowed with several indigenous, exotic, and crossbred goat species and breeds that carry potency to contribute a far more to agricultural production than they are presently contributing. Low productivity and high demands of goats have been prevailing in Nepal for a long. Detailed knowledge about various biotechnological procedures like artificial insemination (AI) for breeding is vital in managing goat for high reproductive rates and increasing productivity. Problem of inbreeding in goat exists in farms of Nepal. Thus, Goat farmers can use AI for genetic improvement in their herds. This review aims to provide sufficient knowledge about AI in goats, its prevailing condition, and prospects in Nepal. It also aims to disseminate knowledge about reproduction in goats, oestrous synchronization, and many other factors related to AI. Findings revealed that AI is currently being practiced in Nepal to improve flock productivity and carries huge scope for the future too. However, the present status of AI was found unconvincing. The conception rate was just 35% with total 4,499 AI in goats in 2018/19, and the coverage was less than 1%. Studies also showed that the facilities for semen collection, processing, preservation, and storage are available in Nepal. But a huge amount of semen is still being imported because of insufficient technologies here. Limited researcher related to AI in goats in Nepal is also a hindrance to develop AI in goats in Nepal. It is better to conduct a detailed study on AI in goats in Nepal to help farmers, traders, and planners.
Highlights
Nepal is no doubt an agricultural country, whereby the maximum number of people sustain their livelihood employing agriculture which contributes to about 24.26% of national gross domestic product (Statista, 2020)
It provides manure to increase the productivity of the field and provides food, milk, and skin, contributing to global food security
Reproductive biotechnologies like artificial insemination (AI) have been adopted in Nepal to improve the overall efficiency of goat production systems and it had continued to be an essential reproductive technique for genetic creation and conservation of genetic resources
Summary
Nepal is no doubt an agricultural country, whereby the maximum number of people sustain their livelihood employing agriculture which contributes to about 24.26% of national gross domestic product (Statista, 2020). The contribution of livestock to national GDP as well as agricultural GDP is significant. Goat (Capra hircus) is the most admired small ruminant of Nepal, which is quite easy to handle and care as compared to other livestock and is preferred as they provide manure to crop production along with a supply of milk and meat. There is a consistent and evergrowing demand for goat’s meat as it is considered as elite meat in Nepalese culture (Yadav et al, 2019). They are referred to as “poor man’s cow” in Nepal. In 2018, Nepal secured 21st position in goat farming in the world with a goat population of 11,647,319 (FAOSTAT, 2020; MoALD, 2020)
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