Current State of Resistance to Antibiotics in Enterobacterial Isolates at the National Hospital Center of Nouakchott-Mauritania

Abstract

Enterobacteriaceae are Gram-negative bacteria, facultative aero-anaerobes found everywhere. They include a very large number of genera and species. Their abundance in the intestine, their mobility, the rapidity of their multiplication, the frequent acquisition of mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics. Objective : The objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from various infectious sites in outpatients and hospitalized patients. Material and method: This is a prospective study carried out in the central laboratory of the Nouakchott Hospital Center and involving 300 strains of enterobacteriaceae isolated from various samples taken from different departments or external consultations. The study was conducted from November 1, 2020 to July 30, 2021 Results : In our study E. coli represents (66.6%), followed by K. pneumoniae (27%), E. cloacae (2.3%). The study of the resistance of these strains to antibiotics revealed resistance rate: Amoxicicillin (93%), Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (77.6%), Gentamicin (16%) and (9.4%) Fosfomycin. Conclusion : The significant increase in the frequency of enterobacteriaceae has become worrying in both hospital and community settings. However, implementation requires collective awareness through in-depth training of healthcare teams. Currently, the reference treatment for infections due to multiresistant enterobacteria is essentially based on the use of carbapenems. It is nevertheless fundamental to obey a rational prescription of these antibiotics to limit the emergence of carbapenemase-producing strains. Controlling the spread of enterobacteriaceae requires strict compliance with simple hospital hygiene measures.