Abstract
Porous materials constitute an attractive research field due to their high specific surfaces; high chemical stabilities; abundant pores; special electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties; and their often higher reactivities. These materials are currently generating a great deal of enthusiasm, and they have been used in large and diverse applications, such as those relating to sensors and biosensors, catalysis and biocatalysis, separation and purification techniques, acoustic and electrical insulation, transport gas or charged species, drug delivery, and electrochemistry. Porous carbons are an important class of porous materials that have grown rapidly in recent years. They have the advantages of a tunable pore structure, good physical and chemical stability, a variable specific surface, and the possibility of easy functionalization. This gives them new properties and allows them to improve their performance for a given application. This review paper intends to understand how porous carbons involve the removal of pollutants from water, e.g., heavy metal ions, dyes, and organic or inorganic molecules. First, a general overview description of the different precursors and the manufacturing methods of porous carbons is illustrated. The second part is devoted to reporting some applications such using porous carbon materials as an adsorbent. It appears that the use of porous materials at different scales for these applications is very promising for wastewater treatment industries.
Highlights
Porous materials are defined as materials with cavities, or channels, called pores
Carbon nanotubes are an allotropic form of carbon (Figure 2c), observed for the first time in 1991 by Japanese researcher Sumio Iijima during the synthesis of fullerenes by an electric arc [105]. They have been characterized as graphene sheets that are wound on themselves in the form of microtubes and will later be renamed multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and MWCNTs are manufactured by almost the same method; the only distinction can appear on the use of the metal catalyst, generally nickel, iron, or cobalt, which is essential for8,the synthesis of fullerenes
Summary
Porous materials are defined as materials with cavities, or channels, called pores. Pores are empty spaces that exist between particles of any shape in materials. In all cases, it is generally characterized by its volume fraction (or by the density of the porous material) and the pore size distribution. The progress of technology methods allowing controlling that determine the structural and allowing textural and the demand for for porous materialsthe haveparameters pushed researchers to develop synthesis methods characteristics these materials.that. In this context, athe lotstructural of works have controlling the pore for controllingofthe parameters determine and shown texturalthat characteristics of these size is essential for many.
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