Abstract
The deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) applications in remote areas, such as environmental sensing areas, requires Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) support due to the lack of continuous network connectivity. IoT devices in DTN generate and store data until a network link is available for data transmission. Data mules or ferries are scheduled to travel among intermittent networks to collect data and disseminate configuration updates from control centers to all participating nodes in a reliable manner. The incorporation of efficient, reliable multicast algorithms into DTN helps to overcome the current limitations in updating large numbers of nodes in remote areas with identical configurations. In this paper, the current state of multicast routing protocols in DTN is outlined according to their design aspects. Open issues are also discussed to provide impetus for further research into the Reliable Multicast DTN (RMDTN) protocol.
Highlights
Along with the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT), the application of IoT has been extended to infrastructure-lacking environments without continuous end-to-end connectivity, such as rural and post-disastrous areas
The authors in Reference [73] extended their work for Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) communications using multiple ferries and different route designs [74] via four approaches: Single Route Algorithm (SIRA), Multi-Route Algorithm (MURA), Node Relaying Algorithm (NRA), and Ferry Relaying Algorithm (FRA) approaches
The surveyed protocols are classified into specific categories, some of them exhibit the characteristics of another category due to the hybrid approach incorporating multiple design concepts
Summary
Along with the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT), the application of IoT has been extended to infrastructure-lacking environments without continuous end-to-end connectivity, such as rural and post-disastrous areas. Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) bridges the gap between intermittently connected environments and helps the expansion of the IoT applications in these stressed and unstable environments. Mobile Social Network (MSN) is a special type of DTN that has become increasingly important due to the proliferation of portable devices with higher computing power at a lower cost. The social behaviors of humans have a significant impact on the overall network performance, especially in networks with disruptions and long delays. IoT applications require efficient and reliable multicast services to facilitate data dissemination to the group of participating nodes. The following subsections briefly describe the concept, background, and interrelation of IoT, DTN, MSN, and multicasting in DTN
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