Current state of knowledge on the problem of water objects’ frozen watersides destruction

Abstract

Due to the fact that the vast territory of Russia is located in the zone of permafrost, there is an urgent need to study coastal erosion, taking place not only during the construction cycle, but also during the subsequent operation of commissioned facilities, in particular hydrotechnical ones. The analysis of recent papers of foreign and domestic researchers who work in the field of knowledge of water objects’ frozen coasts destruction was made. The influence of the energy of a moving water flow on the reformation of the coastal slope and on the stability of river channels as a whole was considered. Analysis of the results of mathematical and laboratory modeling showed that the channel deformations of the rivers flowing in the cryolithozone differ significantly from the deformations of the channels laid in soils which are not affected by the water-ice phase transition. The causes of the erosion of the frozen shores in the under permafrost conditions are not only mechanical, but also thermic components during the movement of water, which indicates the instability of the permafrost as a solid. All this should be considered when designing hydraulic engineering objects.