Current state of education, training and practices in antimicrobial stewardship among pharmacy students: A cross-sectional survey from Kerala, India

Abstract

PurposePharmacists are recognised in guidelines from across the globe as key stakeholders in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives. The current study aims to assess the current practices and level of training and education in relation to AMS among pharmacy students from Kerala, India. MethodsA cross-sectional web-based survey was developed and disseminated among doctor of pharmacy 5th year students and interns from selected pharmacy colleges across Kerala through key informants. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the responses. ResultsThe response rate was 34.8% (157/450). Whilst the majority of respondents (89.8%, 141/157) recalled being taught about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as part of the pharmacy curricula, 84.7% (133/157) believed they didn’t have sufficient knowledge about AMR. Most of the respondents (64.9%, 102/157) had not received any AMS training. Clinical posting in AMS was the preferred mode of training suggested by most respondents. Respondents who audited antimicrobials as part of their clinical postings (77.9%, 88/113) reported their main responsibility was review of patient records for assessing the appropriateness of antimicrobials (68.2%, 60/88). Inappropriate selection of antimicrobials was the most common error identified by respondents (38.1%, 43/113) and the key method of communicating their recommendation was informing the prescriber in person (46%, 52/113). ConclusionWhilst pharmacy students are reviewing antimicrobial prescriptions as part of their clinical postings, their education and training in AMR and AMS remain low. The inclusion of practical clinical training for pharmacy students as part of their curricula can be a cost-effective way to promote AMS initiatives.