Current state of conventional vertical bone regeneration vs with titanium occlusive barriersliterature review

Abstract

Introduction: The alveolar bone is part of a specialized structure of the bones of the face, specifically the maxilla and mandible, this being the main support for the teeth, which is composed of cortical bones that form the vestibular and palatine walls and lingual. It is also made up of spongy bone, within it there are numerous medullary perforations, being smaller in the cortex. The alveolus is subject to continuous changes that are produced by dental eruption, chewing and a variety of periodontal diseases that can influence its constant remodeling. Materials and methods: An electronic search was carried out to provide support and justification for this literature review. This bibliographic search was carried out in the Pubmed / Medline, Science Direct and Scielo databases of scientific articles published in English, which had the objective of describing the bone remodeling processes that occur in the alveolar bone after dental loss and the possible treatments for vertical bone regeneration that can be provided to the patient for the subsequent placement of the dental implant. Results: Of the different conventional vertical bone augmentation techniques described in the literature over the years, CAD/CAM titanium meshes are the ones that present the highest percentage of gain. Likewise, greater bone gain was observed combined with collagen membranes than without them. Distraction osteogenesis presented a lower percentage of gain, followed by guided bone regeneration with non-resorbable membrane and, finally, the onlay or bone block graft technique. However, with the recent appearance of titanium occlusive barriers, the literature reports the highest percentage of gain. Conclusions: Regarding complications, we can conclude that distraction osteogenesis and block bone grafts are those that obtained the highest complication rate, followed by CAD/CAM titanium meshes and non-resorbable membranes.