Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Early diagnosis and effective treatment of all types of cancers are crucial for a positive prognosis. Patients with small tumor sizes at the time of their diagnosis have a significantly higher survival rate and a significantly reduced probability of the cancer being fatal. Therefore, many novel technologies are being developed for early detection of primary tumors, as well as distant metastases and recurrent disease, for effective breast cancer management. Theranostics has emerged as a new paradigm for the simultaneous diagnosis, imaging, and treatment of cancers. It has the potential to provide timely and improved patient care via personalized therapy. In nanotheranostics, cell-specific targeting moieties, imaging agents, and therapeutic agents can be embedded within a single formulation for effective treatment. In this review, we will highlight the different diagnosis techniques and treatment strategies for breast cancer management and explore recent advances in breast cancer theranostics. Our main focus will be to summarize recent trends and technologies in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment as reported in recent research papers and patents and discuss future perspectives for effective breast cancer therapy.
Highlights
Breast cancer has a very long history as it was first reported by the ancient Egyptians more than 3500 years ago in about 1500 B.C [1]
We have highlighted some of the common methods of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment and the role of the emerging area of breast cancer theranostics in integrating diagnostics and therapy within a single platform to provide patient-specific therapy
Theranostics has emerged as an invaluable tool in personalized medicine as these multifunctional platforms can be used for the simultaneous detection, treatment, and management of cancers
Summary
Breast cancer has a very long history as it was first reported by the ancient Egyptians more than 3500 years ago in about 1500 B.C [1]. Detection of breast cancer and accurate lesion assessment are, the primary focus of all imaging modalities. Imaging of the breast is utilized almost exclusively for detection, diagnosis, and clinical management of cancers and for the assessment of the integrity of breast implants (Figure 1) [4]. As a conventional medical imaging modality, ultrasound has played a key role in breast cancer detection, image-guided biopsy, and lymph-node diagnosis for many years. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 723 on the diagnosis and assessment of the extent of breast cancer, the need for preoperative (neoadjuvant) systemic therapy is determined. We examine various detection techniques for breast cancer, provide an in-depth analysis on the therapies for different subtypes of breast cancer, and investigate recent trends and the future of breast cancer theranostics
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