Abstract
Electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems such as electrochemical capacitors, batteries and fuel cells are considered as the most important technologies proposing environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions to address rapidly growing global energy demands and environmental concerns. Their commercial applications individually or in combination of two or more devices are based on their distinguishing properties e.g., energy/power densities, cyclability and efficiencies. In this review article, we have discussed some of the major electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems and encapsulated their technological advancement in recent years. Fundamental working principles and material compositions of various components such as electrodes and electrolytes have also been discussed. Furthermore, future challenges and perspectives for the applications of these technologies are discussed.
Highlights
The enormous growth in world population, in the developing world, coupled with technological developments are considered as the key factors behind the immense increase in electrical energy consumption over the past half century
Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries are inferior to Lithium-Ion Batteries (Li-ion) cells some of their key characteristics that make them preferable choice over Nickel-Cadmium Batteries (Ni-Cd) technology, for applications in portable electronic devices include: an insignificant memory effect, outstanding performance over a wider temperature range, rapid charging and a high energy density (50% higher than the energy density of Ni-Cd batteries) [105,106]
This comprehensive review provides an overview of technological advances, operational parameters, material composition and current/potential applications of electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices where their technical maturity and commercial practicability have been discussed
Summary
The enormous growth in world population, in the developing world, coupled with technological developments are considered as the key factors behind the immense increase in electrical energy consumption over the past half century. Electrochemical capacitors are considered as high power density devices and their delivery time is in the range of few seconds to minutes since these devices utilise only the material on the electrode surface unlike batteries or fuel cells where bulk of the material is involved in energy storage and conversion respectively. Other characteristics of these devices vary as well due to the fundamental difference in the mode of energy storage or conversion (physical/electrochemical).
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
