Abstract
In North Africa, Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 represents one of the most destructive generalists among mite herbivores. Unfortunately, it is a source of important annual casualties in crop production. It is a phytophagous mite that can feed on hundreds of host plants and produces significant damage. The control of T. urticae in North Africa has been principally based on acaricide sprays. However, new alternative methods have shown effective results, such as artificial ultraviolet-B, natural enemies, and the introduction of new genetic methods. This review aims to present a synthesis of information surrounding control methods of T. urticae in North Africa. We highlight the principal findings of previous studies. Then, we discuss current control methods and propose new innovative research and sustainable approaches to controlling this pest. The control method can potentially extrapolate in North African regions due to its positive ecological results. Further, studies proved the use of natural enemies, myco-metabolites, bacteria metabolites, and the introduction of a genetic method in an integrated long-term sustainable program that can successfully defeat the populations of T. urticae. We also discuss high-priority research guidelines to investigate new sustainable management strategies. Setting up an integrated long-term ecological monitoring program in different Northwest African countries and incorporating new technologies into monitoring programs is an urgent need to fight this devastating pest.
Highlights
Maghreb countries share most of the phytosanitary problems [1]
This review highlights the current knowledge and prospects of sustainable control approaches against T. urticae used in North Africa, to clarify the current situation of this pest and inspire specialists in other countries to control it
In terms of plant protection, it is clear from the discussions, developed in our study, that integrated pest management remains the most appropriate sustainable method for better crop protection
Summary
North Africa’s agricultural productivity is harshly restricted by multiple constraints. Sustainability 2022, 14, 2395 include lack of manpower, maturity of orchards, biotic, and abiotic constraints. The negative impact caused by pests reduces the quantity and quality of production. Spider mites, aphids, medflies, and diaspine scales are pests of primary economic importance [2]. When conditions are favorable and in the absence of adequate methods of control, significant damage is often observed on fruits, twigs, leaves, and young shoots [1]. The effective control of insects in food products has long been the object of producers and the industry sector [3]. Its pests are resistant to most groups of acaricides [4]
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