Abstract
Lack of food, especially lack of protein in this millennium will be main problem in many countries, especially developing ones. Satisfying of the needs of the human population in nutrition products will be global problem. On the other hand, world trends are directed towards providing not only sufficient quantities of food but also that food is adequate and satisfactory in regard to the quality. Genetic progress offers solutions for satisfaction of needs by use of genetically modified organisms (GMO), but on the other hand, consumers and consumer organizations are against their use. Macedonia, in spite of its potential for development of agriculture in general, including livestock production, is considered as country which can not satisfy its own needs and has to import food in order to cover the needs of the population.. Livestock production in developed livestock breeding countries participates in general agriculture with high share. In Austria, livestock production participates in total agriculture with 67%. In Switzerland cattle breeding participates in total production with 53% (33% in milk production and 20% in meat production). In the Netherlands cattle breeding participates in livestock production with 68%, in Germany with 64%, whereas in total agriculture with 44%. In Finland cattle production participates in livestock production with 63%. In Republic of Macedonia, cattle breeding in livestock production participates with 24,5%, and livestock production in total agriculture with 35,3%. Characteristics of Macedonian livestock production are small farms with 2 to 3 cows per farm (75% of total number of farms) and small land property (80% of farms with 1 to 3 ha).
Highlights
Macedonia, in spite of its potential for development of agriculture in general, including livestock production, is considered as country which can not satisfy its own needs and has to import food in order to cover the needs of the population
Genetic progress offers solutions for satisfaction of needs by use of genetically modified organisms (GMO), but on the other hand, consumers and consumer organizations are against their use
In spite of its potential for development of agriculture in general, including livestock production, is considered as country which can not satisfy its own needs and has to import food in order to cover the needs of the population
Summary
Small farms with predominant technology with low input and output expenses; Low productivity; Low production specialization; Poor vertical connection between farmers (producers) and processors who have dominant position; Poor production practice and low quantity and quality of products due to poor management and low skills of farmers; Low processing capacities with EU export license; Current situation and perspective. Increase of production per unit – head/surface; Increase of market value of agricultural/livestock products by their processing into final products, improvement of their quality, brands, etc.; Improvement of the quality of natural resources (natural pastures, etc.) and their maximum utilization; National campaign for promotion of Macedonian products on domestic and foreign market. Farms - with 5-20 cows and annual production of 4000-5000 kg of milk or 40-50 fattening cattle These farmers should be carriers of the development of cattle breeding in Macedonia, and be integral part of economical and stimulation measures of our state. Specialized dairy and fattening farms – have over 50 heads, with mechanized production process and annual production of 6000-8000 kg of milk or daily gain in fattening cattle of 1200-1400 g/day and final weight of cattle from 450-600 kg
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