Abstract
AbstractPseudo‐breakup events are thought to be generated by the same physical processes as substorms. This paper reports on the cross‐tail current reduction in an isolated pseudo‐breakup observed by three of the THEMIS probes (THEMIS A (THA), THEMIS D (THD), and THEMIS E (THE)) on 22 March 2010. During this pseudo‐breakup, several localized auroral intensifications were seen by ground‐based observatories. Using the unique spatial configuration of the three THEMIS probes, we have estimated the inertial and diamagnetic currents in the near‐Earth plasma sheet associated with flow braking and diversion. We found the diamagnetic current to be the major contributor to the current reduction in this pseudo‐breakup event. During flow braking, the plasma pressure was reinforced, and a weak electrojet and an auroral intensification appeared. After flow braking/diversion, the electrojet was enhanced, and a new auroral intensification was seen. The peak current intensity of the electrojet estimated from ground‐based magnetometers, ~0.7 × 105 A, was about 1 order of magnitude lower than that in a typical substorm. We suggest that this pseudo‐breakup event involved two dynamical processes: a current‐reduction associated with plasma compression ahead of the earthward flow and a current‐disruption related to the flow braking/diversion. Both processes are closely connected to the fundamental interaction between fast flows, the near‐Earth ambient plasma, and the magnetic field.
Highlights
A substorm is one of the most important energy transfer and release processes in Geospace
We suggest that this pseudo-breakup event involved two dynamical processes: a current-reduction associated with plasma compression ahead of the earthward flow and a current-disruption related to the flow braking/diversion
As a fundamental dynamic process in the magnetotail, the interaction between near-Earth fast flows and the ambient plasma has been considered to be an important factor for field-aligned currents (FACs) formation associated with the substorm current wedge (SCW) [Forsyth et al, 2008; Yao et al, 2012; Birn et al, 2013]
Summary
A substorm is one of the most important energy transfer and release processes in Geospace. Flow braking leads to pressure gradient enhancements preceding earthward flows These pressure gradients require the generation of field-aligned currents (FACs), which have been simulated and observed [Birn et al, 1999; Yang et al, 2011; Xing et al, 2012; Yao et al, 2012, 2013a; Liu et al, 2013b]. Pressure gradient enhancements may provide a free-energy source for exciting the drift ballooningmode instability, which may cause cross-tail current diversion [Pu et al, 1999]. These processes in the NENL model may occur simultaneously, and it is difficult to distinguish the role of each in causing current
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