Current Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Children: Guideline-based Expert Opinions and Recommendations.

Abstract

Successful management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires not only optimal glycemic outcomes, but also a holistic approach that encompasses all aspects of life and recommendations to address needs. Current goals include optimal glycaemic values, quality of life and life expectancy similar to peers, prevention of long-term complications, prevention of severe hypoglycaemia as much as possible, facilitation of glucose management, etc. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) has been updating its guidelines for diabetes care every 4 years since 1995, covering more and more topics. For optimal metabolic outcomes, diabetes teams need to follow these current recommendations, adapt them to their clinical practice and provide guidance to people with type 1 diabetes/families. In this review, in the light of ISPAD 2018-2022 guidelines and clinical experiences, "10 Key Recommendations", emphasizing the importance of teamwork and the use of technology, current type 1 diabetes treatment is described for practical applications.