Abstract
Bacteriophages (or phages) are viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria and it is believed they are the most abundant organisms in Earth.1 The lytic cycle of the phage, which results in replication and bacterial lysis, can occur immediately after infection (virulent phages) or the phage can integrate into the bacterium’s genome resulting in a lysogenic phage that may eventually evolve into a lytic cycle (temperate phages).2 Bacteria-phage coevolution shapes complex ecosystems, maintaining phenotypic and genetic diversity and increasing the rate of bacterial and phage evolution and divergence.
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