Abstract
Most of the lentil growing countries face a certain set of abiotic and biotic stresses causing substantial reduction in crop growth, yield, and production. Until-to date, lentil breeders have used conventional plant breeding techniques of selection-recombination-selection cycle to develop improved cultivars.These techniques have been successful in mainstreaming some of the easy-to-manage monogenic traits. However, in case of complex quantitative traits, these conventional techniques are less precise. As most of the economic traits are complex, quantitative, and often influenced by environments and genotype–environment interaction, the genetic improvement of these traits becomes difficult. Genomics assisted breeding is relatively powerful and fast approach to develop high yielding varieties more suitable to adverse environmental conditions. New tools such as molecular markers and bioinformatics are expected to generate new knowledge and improve our understanding on the genetics of complex traits. In the past, the limited availability of genomic resources in lentil could not allow breeders to employ these tools in mainstream breeding program.The recent application of the next generation sequencing and genotyping by sequencing technologies has facilitated to speed up the lentil genome sequencing project and large discovery of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Currently, several linkage maps have been developed in lentil through the use of expressed sequenced tag (EST) derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) and SNP markers.These maps have emerged as useful genomic resources to identify quantitative trait loci imparting tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in lentil. In this review, the current knowledge on available genomic resources and its application in lentil breeding program are discussed.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONThe first lentil map that contained 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 79 cross genera ITAP gene-based markers was constructed using a F5 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population developed from a cross between ILL5722 and ILL5588 (Phan et al, 2007)
Lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medikus) is a diploid (2n = 2X = 14) self-pollinating crop with a genome size of approximately 4 Gbp (Arumuganathan and Earle, 1991)
The lentil yields remain low in many developing countries as it is often cultivated as a rainfed crop under difficult edaphic conditions and subjected to terminal drought, heat stress, low soil fertility, and various diseases including ascochyta blight (Ascochyta lentis), fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis), anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum), stemphylium blight (Stemphylium botryosum), rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae), collar rot (Sclerotiun rolfsii), root rot (Rhizoctonia solani), and white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) (Kumar et al, 2013; Sharpe et al, 2013)
Summary
The first lentil map that contained 18 SSR and 79 cross genera ITAP gene-based markers was constructed using a F5 RIL population developed from a cross between ILL5722 and ILL5588 (Phan et al, 2007). Earlier studies have used RFLP, AFLP, and RAPD markers to assess genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses within and among Lens species (Havey and Muehlbauer, 1989; Aboelwafa et al, 1995; Sharma et al, 1995, 1996; Ahmad and McNeil, 1996; Ford et al, 1997) and gene mapping (Eujayl et al, 1998b; Tullu et al, 2003; Duran et al, 2004; Kahraman et al, 2004; Hamwieh et al, 2005).
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