Current Issues of Diagnosis and Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children

Abstract

The analysis of the prevalence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in infants was carried out. According to the analysis results the development of FGID in infancy is caused by disorders of motor function and somatic sensitivity of the digestive organs, changes in the secretory and suction functions of this system, largely due to anatomophysiological features of an early age. The peculiarities of posseting, colic, and constipation are considered as the most frequent FGID manifestations in infants. The current approaches to the treatment of the specified manifestations are analyzed, including a number of activities, in particular, psychological preparation of parents, support of breastfeeding, rational nutrition of the mother during breastfeeding, if necessary, the selection of formulas for mixed or artificial feeding, the use of medicines and probiotics. We noted that the high incidence and adverse effects of FGID in children determine the urgency to research on the mechanisms of their development in order to improve preventive and curative interventions.